Статистика ВК сообщества "Haltamti"

Эклектичные и вместе с тем эстетичные иллюстрации к эпосу о Гильгамеше авторства сирийского художника Ваэля Тарабиха. Цикл иллюстраций – его дипломная работа, выполненная в 1996 году.
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#mesopotamia@haltamti

Закончила работать над коллекцией кукол в древневосточных костюмах. Не могу не поделиться фото!

Как говорится, вот они слева направо…
▪Нарунди
Староэламский период, XXI в. до н. э.
▪Мелир-Наххунте
Среднеэламский период, XIV-XIII вв. до н. э.
▪Утик
Среднеэламский период, XIV-XIII вв. до н. э.
▪Хуннубат-Нанайя
Касситская Вавилония, XII в. до н. э.
▪Тархунтивасти, наша неохеттская гостья
Мараш, IX в. до н. э.
▪Атосса (Хутаоса)
Ахеменидская держава, VI-IV вв. до н. э.
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#present@haltamti

Масштабное пополнение альбома проекта 1001 Mythical Creatures of Iranian Cultures & Beyond (Тысяча и одно мифическое существо иранских культур и не только), запущенного Мохаммадом Расулипуром и его единомышленниками. Вашему вниманию предлагается более сотни новых фантастических тварей!
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#infographics@haltamti

Публикации Аманды Поданы, историка, специализирующегося на изучении Месопотамии и Сирии в эпоху средней и поздней бронзы.

Podany, A. H. (2010). Brotherhood of Kings: How International Relations Shaped the Ancient Near East. New York: Oxford University Press.

Amanda Podany here takes readers on a vivid tour through a thousand years of ancient Near Eastern history, from 2300 to 1300 BCE, paying particular attention to the lively interactions that took place between the great kings of the day.

Allowing them to speak in their own words, Podany reveals how these leaders and their ambassadors devised a remarkably sophisticated system of diplomacy and trade. What the kings forged, as they saw it, was a relationship of friends-brothers-across hundreds of miles. Over centuries they worked out ways for their ambassadors to travel safely to one another's capitals, they created formal rules of interaction and ways to work out disagreements, they agreed to treaties and abided by them, and their efforts had paid off with the exchange of luxury goods that each country wanted from the other. Tied to one another through peace treaties and powerful obligations, they were also often bound together as in-laws, as a result of marrying one another's daughters. These rulers had almost never met one another in person, but they felt a strong connection – a real brotherhood – which gradually made wars between them less common. Indeed, any one of the great powers of the time could have tried to take over the others through warfare, but diplomacy usually prevailed and provided a respite from bloodshed.

Podany, A. H. (2018). Ancient Mesopotamia: Life in the Cradle of Civilization. Chantilly, Virginia: The Teaching Company.

When we imagine what life might have been like thousands of years in the past, the images we often conjure are primitive ones: reed and mud huts or plain brick dwellings, cooking pits, villagers, and simple farms. That was indeed what life was like in the earliest settlements, but by five thousand years ago, life in some places had become much more sophisticated than we might think. Impressive achievements — like stepped temples that towered like mountains, elaborate palaces (some with bathrooms and plumbing), and complex houses — were also a part of life for people who lived in cities that arose thousands of years ago, particularly in the fertile region that emerged along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Welcome to Mesopotamia, the ancient name for the region that is now Iraq, a remarkably advanced civilization that flourished for two-thirds of the time that civilization has existed on Earth. Mesopotamians mastered irrigation agriculture; built the first complex urban societies; developed writing, literature, and law; and united vast regions through warfare and diplomacy. While civilizations like Greece and Rome have an unbroken tradition of written histories, the rich history of Mesopotamia has only been recently rediscovered, thanks to the decipherment of Mesopotamia’s cuneiform writing less than 200 years ago. In this 24-lecture course taught by Professor Podany, you’ll fill in the blanks of your historical understanding as you witness a whole new world opening before your eyes. Riveting stories about kings and priestesses as well as ordinary people from all walks of life transport you back in time, giving you invaluable insights into the history of a landmark region that has long been known as the cradle of civilization.

Podany, A. H. (2014). The Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.

The ancient Near East is known as the "cradle of civilization" – and for good reason. Mesopotamia, Syria, and Anatolia were home to an extraordinarily rich and successful culture. Indeed, it was a time and place of earth-shaking changes for humankind: the beginnings of writing and law, kingship and bureaucracy, diplomacy and state-sponsored warfare, mathematics and literature.

This Very Short Introduction offers a fascinating account of this momentous time in human history. The three thousand years covered here – from around 3500 BCE, with the founding of the first Mesopotamian cities, to the conquest of the Near East by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 539 BCE – represent a period of incredible innovation, from the invention of the wheel and the plow, to early achievements in astronomy, law, and diplomacy. As historian Amanda Podany explores this era, she overturns the popular image of the ancient world as a primitive, violent place. We discover that women had many rights and freedoms: they could own property, run businesses, and represent themselves in court. Diplomats traveled between the capital cities of major powers ensuring peace and friendship between the kings. Scribes and scholars studied the stars and could predict eclipses and the movements of the planets.
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#mesopotamia@haltamti

Хорошее и разное.

Dalley, S. (2021). The City of Babylon: A History, c. 2000 BC – AD 116. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

The 2000-year story of Babylon sees it moving from a city-state to the centre of a great empire of the ancient world. It remained a centre of kingship under the empires of Assyria, Nebuchadnezzar, Darius, Alexander the Great, the Seleucids and the Parthians. Its city walls were declared to be a Wonder of the World while its ziggurat won fame as the Tower of Babel. Visitors to Berlin can admire its Ishtar Gate, and the supposed location of its elusive Hanging Garden is explained. Worship of its patron god Marduk spread widely while its well-trained scholars communicated legal, administrative and literary works throughout the ancient world, some of which provide a backdrop to Old Testament and Hittite texts. Its science also laid the foundations for Greek and Arab astronomy through a millennium of continuous astronomical observations. This accessible and up-to-date account is by one of the world's leading authorities.

Llewellyn-Jones, L. (2022). Persians: The Age of the Great Kings. New York: Basic Books.

The Achaemenid Persian kings ruled over the largest empire of antiquity, stretching from Libya to the steppes of Asia and from Ethiopia to Pakistan. From the palace-city of Persepolis, Cyrus the Great, Darius, Xerxes, and their heirs reigned supreme for centuries until the conquests of Alexander of Macedon brought the empire to a swift and unexpected end in the late 330s BCE.

In Persians, historian Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones tells the epic story of this dynasty and the world it ruled. Drawing on Iranian inscriptions, cuneiform tablets, art, and archaeology, he shows how the Achaemenid Persian Empire was the world’s first superpower — one built, despite its imperial ambition, on cooperation and tolerance. This is the definitive history of the Achaemenid dynasty and its legacies in modern-day Iran, a book that completely reshapes our understanding of the ancient world.

Stein, D., Kielt Costello, S., & Polinger Foster, K. (Eds). (2022). The Routledge Companion to Ecstatic Experience in the Ancient World. London & New York: Routledge.

For millennia, people have universally engaged in ecstatic experience as an essential element in ritual practice, spiritual belief and cultural identification. This volume offers the first systematic investigation of its myriad roles and manifestations in the ancient Mediterranean and Near East.

The twenty-nine contributors represent a broad range of scholarly disciplines, seeking answers to fundamental questions regarding the patterns and commonalities of this vital aspect of the past. How was the experience construed and by what means was it achieved? Who was involved? Where and when were its rites carried out? How was it reflected in pictorial arts and written records? What was its relation to other components of the sociocultural compact? In proposing responses, the authors draw upon a wealth of original research in many fields, generating new perspectives and thought-provoking, often surprising, conclusions. With their abundant cross-cultural and cross-temporal references, the chapters mutually enrich each other and collectively deepen our understanding of ecstatic phenomena thousands of years ago. Another noteworthy feature of the book is its illustrative content, including commissioned reconstructions of ecstatic scenarios and pairings of works of Bronze Age and modern psychedelic art.

Scholars, students and other readers interested in antiquity, comparative religion and the social and cognitive sciences will find much to explore in the fascinating realm of ecstatic experience in the ancient world.

Price, M. D. (2020). Evolution of a Taboo. Pigs and People in the Ancient Near East. New York: Oxford University Press.

Pigs are among the most peculiar animals domesticated in the Ancient Near East. Their story, from domestication to taboo, has fascinated historians, archaeologists, and religious studies scholars for decades. Rejecting simple explanations, this book adopts an evolutionary approach that relies on zooarchaeology and texts to unravel the cultural significance of swine in the Near East from the Paleolithic to the present day. Five major themes are covered: The domestication of the pig from wild boars in the Neolithic period, the unique roles that pigs developed in agricultural economies before and after the development of complex societies, the raising of swine in cities, the shifting ritual roles of pigs, and the formation and development of the pork taboo in Judaism and, later, Islam.

The origins and significance of this taboo have inspired much debate. Evolution of a Taboo contends that the well-known taboo described in Leviticus evolved over time, beginning with conflicts between Israelites and Philistines in the early part of the Iron Age, and later was mobilized by Judah's priestly elite in the writing of the Biblical texts. Centuries later, the pig taboo became a point of contention in the ethno-political struggles between Jewish and Greco-Roman cultures in the Levant; later still, between Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Through these conflicts, the pig taboo grew in power. As this rich account illustrates, it came to define the relations between pigs and people in the Near East and beyond, up to the present day.
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#literature@haltamti
#culture@haltamti

Из твиттера ассириолога Захарии Рубина.

Несколько фактов о львице Гуэннола*:
– Ей около 5000 лет;
– Её высота составляет порядка 8 см;
– Утверждается, что её обнаружили неподалёку от Багдада;
– Она была продана на аукционе Sotheby's за 57,2 млн долларов;
– Её успели изобразить десятки художников из фурри-сообщества;
– Можете себе представить, как именно;
– Но и это – пример рецепции.

*Львица Гуэннола – миниатюрная статуэтка из полированного известняка, созданная в 3000-2800 гг. до н. э. представителями протоэламской культуры.

Несмотря на скромные размеры, статуэтка производит впечатление монументальности. Оперев подбородок на плечо, львица скрестила под грудью мускулистые лапы. При этом её торс повёрнут относительно головы и бёдер почти на 90 градусов, что придаёт ей сходство с позирующими культуристами. По всей видимости, в древности у львицы был хвост — на это указывают отверстия для крепежа на копчике. Пара отверстий на холке создания, в свою очередь, предназначалась для шнурка. Предполагается, что нижняя часть лап львицы могла быть сделана из другого материала, к примеру, отлита из драгоценного металла.

Статуэтка была найдена в окрестностях Багдада в 1931 году. В 1948-2007 годах она украшала витрину Бруклинского музея изящных искусств по долгосрочному займу у частной коллекции Мартинов (Guennol Collection), в честь которой и получила своё название.

5 декабря 2007 года львицу Гуэннола продали с аукциона Sotheby's за 57 160 000 $, что является рекордной ценой для скульптур любого периода. В борьбе за львицу участвовали сразу пять потенциальных покупателей. Победитель аукциона, как водится, предпочёл сохранить анонимность. После торгов статуэтка исчезла из поля зрения широкой публики, где она находится в настоящее время неизвестно.

Отдельные «примеры рецепции» в альбоме. Как говорится, без регистрации и смс.
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#culture@haltamti
#proto_elamite@haltamti

Фантастические твари из нового проекта 1001 Mythical Creatures of Iranian Cultures & Beyond (Тысяча и одно мифическое существо иранских культур и не только), запущенного Мохаммадом Расулипуром и его единомышленниками.

Страницы проекта обновляются практически ежедневно, так что и наш альбом, надеемся, простаивать не будет.
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#infographics@haltamti

Разбираем новинки сезона!

Radner, K., Moeller, N., & Potts, D.T. (Eds.). The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East.

This groundbreaking, five-volume series offers a comprehensive, fully illustrated history of Egypt and Western Asia (the Levant, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and Iran), from the emergence of complex states to the conquest of Alexander the Great. Written by a diverse, international team of leading scholars whose expertise brings to life the people, places, and times of the remote past, the volumes in this series focus firmly on the political and social histories of the states and communities of the ancient Near East. Individual chapters present the key textual and material sources underpinning the historical reconstruction, paying particular attention to the most recent archaeological finds and their impact on our historical understanding of the periods surveyed.

• (2020). Volume I: From the Beginnings to Old Kingdom Egypt and the Dynasty of Akkad. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Commencing with the domestication of plants and animals, and the foundation of the first permanent settlements in the region, Volume I contains ten chapters that provide a masterful survey of the earliest dynasties and territorial states in the ancient Near East, concluding with the rise of the Old Kingdom in Egypt and the Dynasty of Akkad in Mesopotamia. Politics, ideology, religion, art, crafts, economy, military developments, and the built environment are all examined. Uniquely, emphasis is placed upon elucidating both the internal dynamics of these states and communities, as well as their external relationships with their neighbors in the wider region. The result is a thoughtful, critical, and robust survey of the populations that laid the foundation for all future developments in the ancient Near East.

• (2022). Volume II: From the End of the Third Millennium BC to the Fall of Babylon. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

The second volume covers broadly the first half of the second millennium BC or in archaeological terms, the Middle Bronze Age. Eleven chapters present the history of the Near East, beginning with the First Intermediate Period and Middle Kingdom Egypt and the Mesopotamian kingdoms of Ur (Third Dynasty), Isin and Larsa. The complex mosaic of competing states that arose between the Eastern Mediterranean, the Anatolian highlands and the Zagros mountains of Iran are all treated, culminating in an examination of the kingdom of Babylon founded by Hammurabi and maintained by his successors. Beyond the narrative history of each region considered, the volume treats a wide range of critical topics, including the absolute chronology; state formation and disintegration; the role of kingship, cult practice and material culture in the creation and maintenance of social hierarchies; and long-distance trade-both terrestrial and maritime-as a vital factor in the creation of social, political and
economic networks that bridged deserts, oceans, and mountain ranges, binding together the extraordinarily diverse peoples and polities of Sub-Saharan Africa, the Near East, and Central Asia.

• (2022). Volume III: From the Hyksos to the Late Second Millennium BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

The third volume examines the period from 1600 to 1100 BC or in archaeological terms, the Late Bronze Age. Twelve chapters survey the history of the Near East and discuss the Hyksos state of Lower Egypt, Upper Egypt, and the Nubian kingdom of Kerma prior to the unification that resulted in the creation of the New Kingdom, the geo-political super power of the period. Contemporary imperial powers-the Hittites in Central Anatolia and Mittani in Upper Mesopotamia-are discussed, as are the appearance and growth of Assyria, the kingdom of Kassite Babylonia, the Elamites of southwestern Iran, and the Mycenaeans in the Aegean. Beyond the narrative history of each region considered, the volume treats a wide range of critical topics, including the absolute chronology; state formation and disintegration; the role of kingship, cult practice, and material culture in the creation and maintenance of social hierarchies; and long-distance trade-both terrestrial and maritime-as a vital factor in the
creation of social, political, and economic networks that bridged deserts, oceans, and mountain ranges, binding together the extraordinarily diverse peoples and polities of Sub-Saharan Africa, the Near East, and Central Asia.

Geoga, M., & Steele, J. (Eds.). (2022). The Allure of the Ancient. Receptions of the Ancient Middle East, ca. 1600–1800. Leiden: Brill.

The Allure of the Ancient investigates how the ancient Middle East was imagined and appropriated for artistic, scholarly, and political purposes in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Bringing together scholars of the ancient and early modern worlds, the volume approaches reception history from an interdisciplinary perspective, asking how early modern artists and scholars interpreted ancient Middle Eastern civilizations—such as Egypt, Babylonia, and Persia—and how their interpretations were shaped by early modern contexts and concerns.
The volume’s chapters cross disciplinary boundaries in their explorations of art, philosophy, science, and literature, as well as geographical boundaries, spanning from Europe to the Caribbean to Latin America.

Raja, R. (2022). Pearl of the Desert. A History of Palmyra. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

'Pearl of the Desert. A History of Palmyra' is the most comprehensive history of this fabled ancient city in English. Assimilating the rich archaeological and literary evidence, Rubina Raja unfolds the story chronologically, from the earliest evidence of settlement in the Bronze Age to Palmyra's rise as an urban center in the late Hellenistic and Roman periods, its destruction by Rome in 273 CE, and its survival in the Byzantine and medieval Islamic periods. The book ends with a discussion of Palmyra's modern rediscovery and, more recently, its chaotic misfortunes during the Syrian civil war when it was used as a symbol of, alternately, the resistance of the rebels, the power of ISIS, and the supremacy of the Syrian state. After several years of destruction and looting, securing of the site has begun as well as planning for its restoration. At this turning point in Palmyra's long history, there is no better time to assess the past, present, and future of this remarkable city.

Biehl, P. F., & Rosenstock, E. (Eds.). (2022). 6000 BC. Transformation and Change in the Near East and Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

This is the first book to present a comprehensive, up to date overview of archaeological and environmental data from the eastern Mediterranean world around 6000 BC. It brings together the research of an international team of scholars who have excavated at key Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites in Syria, Anatolia, Greece, and the Balkans. Collectively, their essays conceptualize and enable a deeper understanding of times of transition and changes in the archaeological record. Overcoming the terminological and chronological differences between the Near East and Europe, the volume expands from studies of individual societies into regional views and diachronic analyses. It enables researchers to compare archaeological data and analysis from across the region, and offers a new understanding of the importance of this archaeological story to broader, high-impact questions pertinent to climate and culture change.

Miki, T. (2022). Pottery Making and Communities During the 5th Millennium BCE in Fars Province, Southwestern Iran. Oxford: Archaeopress.

This book explores pottery making and communities during the Bakun period (c. 5000 – 4000 BCE) in the Kur River Basin, Fars province, southwestern Iran, through the analysis of ceramic materials collected at Tall-e Jari A, Tall-e Gap, and Tall-e Bakun A & B. Firstly, it reconsiders the stratigraphy and radiocarbon dates of the four sites by reviewing the descriptions of excavation trenches, then presents a new chronological relationship between the sites. The book sets out diachronic changes in the the Bakun pottery quantitatively, namely the increase of black-on-buff ware and the gradual shift of vessel forms. It also presents analyses of pottery-making techniques, painting skills, petrography, and geochemistry and clarifies minor changes in the chaînes opératoires and major changes in painting skill. Finally, the book discusses the organisation of pottery production from a relational perspective. It concludes that the more fixed community of pottery making imposed longer apprenticeship periods and that social inequality also increased.
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#culture@haltamti

Керамический кувшин для хранения зерна со сценой охоты.
Нахаванд, III тыс. до н. э.
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Альбомы с керамикой, хорошей и разной.
• Сузы, Юго-Западный Иран, конец V – начало IV тыс. до н. э.
• Сузы, Юго-Западный Иран, X–VI вв. до н. э.
• Бакун, Южный Иран, конец V – начало IV тыс. до н. э.
• Шах-Тепе, Северный Иран, III–II тыс. до н. э.
• Сиалк, Центральный Иран, IV–I тыс. до н. э.
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